animal+behavior

=Animal Behavior Unit. =

0.5 Credit
Observation VS Inference Conduct a quick search to determine the difference between an observation and an inference Complete a word chart for OBSERVATION Complete a word chart for INFERENCE practice making observations in class; practice making inferences in class complete the observation and inference worksheet


 * Ethology** is the scientific study of animal behavior. The basic questions an ethologist asks are:
 * 1) What causes the behavior? What is the **stimulus**, or trigger, for the behavior? What structures and functions of the animal are involved in the behavior?
 * 2) How does the behavior develop? Is it present early in life? Or does it appear only as the animal matures? Are certain experiences needed for the behavior to develop?
 * 3) Why did the behavior evolve? How does the behavior affect the fitness of the animal performing it? How does it affect the survival of the species?
 * 4) How did the behavior evolve? How does it compare with similar behaviors in related species? In what ancestor did the behavior first appear?

To find out more about ethologists and their work, research an ethologist of your choosing and share your results with classmates 
 * complete a VENN diagram comparing your ethologist to 2 others & a mind map showing the relationships between the ethologists presented/ discussed

Read the CK12 flex book on animal behavior by following the link or downloading the pdf.  complete the worksheet as you read 

Read the CK12 flex book on types of animal behavior by following the link or downloading the pdf . complete the worksheet as you read complete the Survival Values Worksheet

Watch the assigned video clips from the links provided in the table below. On you worksheet **identify the behaviors and stimulus you think is exhibited in each**. Be specific, you must be able to **explain the reasoning** behind your answers to the class . Present your findings to the class Compare and contrast the behaviors you saw in the video clips with those of others. How were they the same? How were they different?
 * Lion || Bowerbirds || flamingos || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Crested Grebe || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Capercallie ||
 * <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">flying lizard || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">frogs || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Marmot || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> hippos (watch from 4m marker to the end) || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Male Birds ||
 * <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ocean Giants || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">pike || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">hydra || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">planaria || <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: Georgia,serif;">round worms ||
 * cnidarians ||  ||   ||   ||   ||

View the video as a review. Complete the worksheet while you view. media type="custom" key="21968916"

LEARNED BEHAVIORS - TYPES Use @http://www.hippocampus.org/Biology to complete the worksheet.
 * --> click on Biology for AP* (left column NROC collection) --> Search (or scroll all the way down to): **The Causes of Behavior**
 * --> click on Biology for AP* (left column NROC collection)---> Search:**Cognition and Learning**
 * --> Biology for AP* ---> Search: **The Evolution of Behavior**

LEARNED BEHAVIORS - METHODS Read Define and give an example of each term: 1. Habituation (forming a habit) 2. Observational learning 3. Conditioning 4. Play 5. Insight learning

OCTOPI demonstrating learned behaviors


 * **Octopus Tool Use: The World's Smartest Invertebrate** at @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AP_dpbTbess (1:21)
 * 1) What sort of behavior do you feel this octopus is exhibiting? Explain your reasoning fully.
 * 2) Do you think this behavior counts as "tool use"? Explain your thinking fully.


 * **Octopus Open a Jar** at @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYxJHi-RO0 (2:59)
 * **Octopus Opening Jar** at @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU_J8TuBkwE (1:05)
 * 1) The octopi in the above two videos are both opening jars. Observe their behavior closely.
 * 2) Do you think they are both displaying the same type of learning? Explain your reasoning fully, and be as specific as you can be.
 * 3) Do you think the amount of time it takes an octopus to open the jar is reflective of intelligence? Explain your thinking fully and be specific.

conduct the "animal intelligence" Crow Research showing sophisticated bird behavior media type="youtube" key="cpgCQj-sgqk" height="315" width="560"
 * 1) view BOTH videos ( []

and [] media type="custom" key="22392082"


 * 1) answer the questions provided [[file:Crow Intelligence.docx]]
 * 2) Jigsaw the article [] and work with your table mates to write a paragraph response to the following: People seem to like the demonstrations of intelligence in other animals, however, scientists have to be very careful in interpreting their results. How / in what ways are scientists trying to ensure the integrity of research into animal intelligence?

INNATE BEHAVIORS

Read theCK-12 flex book section on Innate Behaviors Define and give examples of each term: • gaping • innate behavior • instinct • waggle dance

List 4 examples of human reflexes (you may need to consult additional resources)

INNATE BEHAVIORS and OUR ECOSYSTEMS
 * View Crash: A Tale of Two Species []
 * As you watch, record your answers to the questions provided:
 * 1) How far do red knots migrate every year?
 * 2) What are believed to be the two main causes of horseshoe crab population declines? Explain your answer fully.
 * 3) How do the horseshoe crabs affect the annual survivorship of the red knots? Explain your answer fully.
 * 4) Why do horseshoe crabs coordinated their egg laying with the tides?
 * 5) What is the significance of it taking 28 days for a horseshoe crab egg to hatch? How could this have been selected for in the species?
 * 6) What effects may climate change have on red knots and horseshoe crabs? Think of both positive and negative effects as you consider your answer.


 * MORE PRACTICE IDENTIFYING BEHAVIORS**
 * **Molluscs: Moon Snail Preys On Cockles** at @http://vimeo.com/37449634 (2:05)
 * 1) What sort of behavior is the moon snail exhibiting?
 * 2) Do you think the moon snail this is learned or innate behavior? Explain and defend your answer.
 * 3) What sort of behavior is the cockle exhibiting?
 * 4) Do you think this is learned or innate behavior? Explain and defend your answer.

media type="youtube" key="evd6NTD1wf4" height="315" width="560"
 * **Spider Crabs vs. Stingray** at @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evd6NTD1wf4 (4:19)
 * 1) How many different types of behavior can you see in the crabs in this video? List these different behaviors.
 * 2) Which behaviors of the crabs do you think are innate and which are learned? Explain your answers fully and be specific.
 * 3) How many different types of behavior can you see in the stingray? List these behaviors.
 * 4) Which behaviors of the stingray do you feel are innate and which are learned? Explain your answer fully and be specific.

this video is only available in the classroom due to copyright
 * Pecking order**
 * 1) what sort of behaviors are the chickens exhibiting?
 * 2) Do you thinks this is a learned or innate behavior? Explain your answer
 * 3) Record your social hierarchy and share your results.

media type="youtube" key="M_AL93uqIow" height="315" width="560"
 * Living Links Center**
 * 1) How many different types of behavior can you see in the video? List these behaviors.
 * 2) Which behaviors do you feel are innate and which are learned? Explain your answer fully and be specific.

conduct the betta lab

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">View: //Among the Wild Chimpanzees// and complete the viewing guide

visit the site : http://www.wildchimpanzees.org/educators/activities.php and select **one** of the activities to complete and turn in


 * complete the compare and contrast worksheet
 * complete the matching terms and definitions worksheet

media type="youtube" key="dZrzRrPRdC0" height="315" width="560" complete the What are Animals Thinking? Worksheet (you will each watch a different segment of the video and jigsaw your results / discuss what you learn)


 * conduct investigation 13 - mazes


 * practice creating ethograms and graphing/ analyzing data


 * research the animal you will observe at the zoo [[file:Animal Behavior zoo poster.doc]]
 * Observe your animal for at least 90minutes.
 * Create an ethogram of the animal's behavior
 * graph the frequency of your animal's behavior
 * analyze your animal's behavior
 * ADD THIS DATA TO YOUR poster


 * TEST**

Additional Sources of information to investigate:
 * @http://asci.uvm.edu/course/asci001/behavior.html
 * @http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2178920.stm
 * @http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/10/1025_051025_gorillas_tools.html
 * @http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/programs/animalinstincts/
 * @http://science.jrank.org/pages/3608/Instinct-Classic-examples-animal-instinct.html
 * @http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Insight_learning
 * @http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48658/animal-behaviour
 * @http://www.discoverchimpanzees.org/behaviors/top.php?dir=Tool_Use&topic=Termite_Fishing
 * @http://www.janegoodall.org/
 * @http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/newborn/newborn_reflexes.html
 * @http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v82/n4/full/6885270a.html
 * http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1236726#pbio-0030380-b03
 * @http://www.unmc.edu/Physiology/Mann/mann19.html
 * @http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/07/0709_030709_socialanimals.html
 * @http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm
 * @http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/aaas/2002-04-05-coop-behavior.htm
 * @http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~mnkylab/media/vervetcalls.html
 * http://en.wikibooks.org

(meaning you can make this 0.5 credit class into a full credit if you are committed to completing work on your own time AND PRESENTING it to your teacher and peer reviewers)
 * OPTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL CREDIT**



Watch from minute 7 on to find out about investigations surrounding chimpanzee behavior media type="custom" key="21991464"

another text with animal behavior information: http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/ose/modules/life2005/docs/c_chap05.pdf

an interesting array of animal videos from different speakers/ researchers/ presenters: http://www.ted.com/playlists/59/animals_that_amaze.html